Our research uses a systems neuroscience approach to understand how brain circuits regulate interacting states of sleep, wakefulness, anesthesia, and pain. To this end, we use a combination of behavioral assays, electroencephalographic and electromyographic (EEG and EMG) recordings, neurochemical monitoring, calcium imaging in freely behaving mice, neuroanatomical viral tracing, as well as chemogenetic/optogenetic tools to identify and probe neural networks controlling sleep, wakefulness, and nociception.